Choosing the right MOSFET is often the difference between a successful project and a “magic smoke” disaster. While BJTs are current-driven, MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) are voltage-driven switches. In this guide, we compare 10 of the most common MOSFETs used in DIY electronics.
Table of Contents
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The Master MOSFET Comparison Table
This table is divided into Logic Level (best for 3.3V/5V microcontrollers) and Standard (best for 12V gate drivers).
| Part Number | Type | Max VDS | Max ID | VGS Threshold | Best Use Case |
| BS170 | N-Ch | 60V | 500mA | 0.8V – 3.0V | Signal Switching |
| 2N7000 | N-Ch | 60V | 200mA | 0.8V – 3.0V | Small Logic |
| IRLZ44N | N-Ch | 55V | 47A | 1.0V – 2.0V | Arduino/5V Logic |
| FQP30N06L | N-Ch | 60V | 30A | 1.0V – 2.5V | High Current Logic |
| IRFZ44N | N-Ch | 55V | 49A | 2.0V – 4.0V | Standard PWM |
| IRF540N | N-Ch | 100V | 33A | 2.0V – 4.0V | DC Motor Control |
| IRF640N | N-Ch | 200V | 18A | 2.0V – 4.0V | AC-DC Converters |
| IRF9540 | P-Ch | -100V | -23A | -2.0V to -4.0V | High-side Switching |
| IRF5210 | P-Ch | -100V | -40A | -2.0V to -4.0V | Power Management |
| IRF3205 | N-Ch | 55V | 110A | 2.0V – 4.0V | Extreme Current |
Which MOSFET should you choose?
- BS170: The go-to for low-power signal switching. If you need to trigger a small relay or a 5V sensor signal, this is your best friend.
- 2N7000: Virtually identical to the BS170 but in a different pinout configuration. Ideal for breadboarding small logic level circuits.
- IRLZ44N: The King of Arduino MOSFETs. Because it is a “Logic Level” FET, it opens fully even with a 5V signal, making it the safest high-current choice for beginners.
- FQP30N06L: A fantastic logic-level alternative. It handles slightly less current than the IRLZ44N but is very efficient for medium-load 5V projects.
- IRFZ44N: The industry standard for PWM. It is perfect for 12V motor speed controllers where you are using a dedicated gate driver.
- IRF540N: A “Workhorse” for higher voltage loads. Use this for 24V or 48V systems like solenoid valves.
- IRF640N: Best for specialized power supplies or high-voltage DC-DC converters (up to 200V).
- IRF9540 (P-Channel): Essential for “High-side switching.” Use this when you need to disconnect the positive rail of your load.
- IRF5210 (P-Ch): A heavy-duty version of the IRF9540. It offers lower resistance, which means it stays cooler during high-current tasks.
- IRF3205: Pure “Muscle.” With a massive 110A rating, this MOSFET is the primary choice for high-power inverters.
Related Tutorials & Resources
To understand how to implement these in your circuits, check out our other guides:
- Step-by-Step: How to Build a Logic Level Shifter using the 2N7000.
- Theory: Transistors – Basics, Types, and Working (Part of our Component Tutorials).
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Compare the best MOSFETs for Arduino and power switching. Our guide covers IRLZ44N, IRFZ44N, BS170, and more with a full comparison table for elxhub.
